JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus Study Plan and Revision Notes:
Basic Concepts of Chemistry,
Study Guide - Notes
States of Matter,
Study Guide - Notes
Atomic Structure,
Class XI Portion Study Guide - Notes
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure,
Study Guide - Notes
Chemical Thermodynamics,
Study Guide - Notes
Solutions,
Study Guide - Notes
Equilibrium,
Study Guide - Notes
Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry
Study Guide - Notes
Chemical Kinetics,
Study Guide - Notes
Surface Chemistry,
Study Guide - Notes
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties,
Study Guide - Notes
General Principles and Process of isolation of Metals,
Study Guide - Notes
Hydrogen,
Study Guide - Notes
S, P, D and F Block Elements,
Study Guide - Notes
Co-ordination Compounds,
Study Guide - Notes
Environmental Chemistry,
Study Guide - Notes
Purification and characteristics of organic compounds,
some basic principles of organic chemistry,
Study Guide - Notes
Hydrocarbons,
Study Guide - Notes
Organic Compounds Containing Halogens,
Study Guide - Notes
Organic Compounds containing oxygen,
Study Guide - Notes
Polymers,
Study Guide - Notes
Bio-molecules,
Study Guide - Notes
Chemistry in Daily Life and Principles related to piratical chemistry.
Study Guide - Notes
Detailed Syllabus
JEE MAIN 2015 DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR CHEMISTRY:
Section A: Physical Chemistry
1 Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry
Matter and its nature, Dalton’s atomic theory; Concept of atom, molecule, element and compound; Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. Units, dimensional analysis; Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae; Chemical equations and stoichiometry.
2 States of Matter
Classification of matter into solid, liquid and gaseous states
Gaseous State: Measurable properties of gases; Gas laws - Boyle’s law, Charle’s law, Graham’s law of diffusion, Avogadro’s law, Dalton’s law of partial pressure; Concept of Absolute scale of temperature; Ideal gas equation; Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates); Concept of average, root
mean square and most probable velocities; Real gases, deviation from Ideal behaviour, compressibility factor and van der Waals equation.
Liquid State: Properties of liquids - vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only).
Solid State: Classification of solids: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea); Bragg’s Law and its applications; Unit cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc and hcp lattices), voids, calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids; Electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties.
3 Atomic Structure
Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; Nature of electromagnetic radiation,
photoelectric effect; Spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr model of hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr’s model; Dual nature of matter, de-Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of atom, its important features, concept of atomic orbitals as one electron wave functions; Variation of y and y 2 , with r for
1s and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number; Rules for filling electrons in orbitals – aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.
4 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Strucure
Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, concept of ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds;
calculation of lattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan’s rule, dipole moment; Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules.
Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding:
Valence bond theory – Its important features, concept of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals; Resonance.
Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features, LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding,
antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, concept of bond order, bond length and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications
5 Chemical Thermodynamics Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes.
First law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess’s law of constant heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization and solution.
Second law of thermodynamics; Spontaneity of processes; DS of the universe and DG of the system as criteria for spontaneity, DG0 (Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant.
6 Solutions
Different methods for expressing concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), vapour pressure of
solutions and Raoult’s Law – Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and nonideal solutions; Colligative properties of dilute solutions - relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its significance.
7 Equilibrium
Meaning of equilibrium, concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid -liquid, liquid - gas and solid – gas equilibria, Henry’s law, general characterics of equilibrium involving physical processes.
Equilibria involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, significance of DG and DGo in chemical equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature, effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier’s principle.
Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Brnsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid - base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.
8 Redox Reactions And Electrochemistry
Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning
oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions. Eectrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in
electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch’s law and its applications.
Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half - cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement; Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs’ energy change; Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.
9 Chemical Kinetics
Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half - lives, effect of temperature on rate of reactions – Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no
derivation).
10 Surface Chemistry
Absorption- Physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting absorption of gases on solids - Freundlich and Langmuir absorption isotherms, absorption from solutions.
Colloidal state - distinction among true solutions, colloids and suspensions, classification of colloids -
lyophilic, lyophobic; multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of colloids - Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; Emulsions and their characteristics.
Section – B : Inorganic Chemistry
11 Classificaton Of Elements And Periodicity In Properties
Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity
12 General Principles And Processes Of Isolation Of Metals
Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores;
Steps involved in the extraction of metals - concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic
methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn and Fe;
Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals.
13 Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen; Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; Structure, preparation, reactions and uses of hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen as a fuel.
14. S - Block Elements (Alkali And Alkaline Earth Metals)
Group - 1 and 2 Elements
General introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships. Preparation and properties of some important compounds - sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide; Industrial uses of lime, limestone, Plaster of Paris and cement; Biological significance of Na, K, Mg and Ca.
15. P - Block Elements Group - 13 to Group 18 Elements
General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group.
Groupwise study of the p – block elements
Group – 13
Preparation, properties and uses of boron and aluminium; properties of boric acid, diborane, boron
trifluoride, aluminium chloride and alums.
Group – 14
Allotropes of carbon, tendency for catenation; Structure & properties of silicates, and zeolites.
Group – 15
Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotrophic forms of phosphorus; Preparation, properties, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and phosphorus halides, (PCl3, PCl5); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of phosphorus.
Group – 16
Preparation, properties, structures and uses of ozone; Allotropic forms of sulphur; Preparation, properties, structures and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); Structures of oxoacids of sulphur.
Group – 17
Preparation, properties and uses of hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides;
Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens.
Group –18
Occurrence and uses of noble gases; Structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon.
16. d – and f – Block Elements Transition Elements
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in
properties of the first row transition elements - physical properties, ionizationenthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties and uses of K2Cr 2O7 and KmnO4.
Inner Transition Elements
Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction.Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation states.
17 Co-Ordination Compounds
Introduction to co-ordination compounds, Werner’s theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity,
chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological systems).
18 Environmental Chemistry
Environmental pollution - Atmospheric, water and soil.
Atmospheric pollution - Tropospheric and Stratospheric Tropospheric pollutants – Gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects and prevention; Green house effect and Global warming; Acid rain;
Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects and prevention.
Stratospheric pollution- Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of ozone layer - its mechanism and effects.
Water Pollution - Major pollutants such as, pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention.
Soil pollution - Major pollutants such as: Pesticides (insecticides,herbicides and fungicides), their harmful effects and prevention. Strategies to control environmental pollution.
Section-C: Organic Chemistry
19 Purification And Characterisation Of Organic Compounds
Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography - principles and their applications.
Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens.
Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens,
sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae; Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis.
20 Some Basic Principles Of Organic Chemistry
Tetravalency of carbon; Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p); Classification of organic compounds based on functional groups: - C = C - , - C h C – and those containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; Homologous series; Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.
Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC) Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals,
carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles.
Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and
hyperconjugation
21 Hydrocarbons
Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general
methods of preparation, properties and reactions.
Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman
projections (of ethane); Mechanism of halogenation of
alkanes.
Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism; Mechanism of
electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens,
water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s and peroxide
effect); Ozonolysis and polymerization.
Alkynes - Acidic character; Addition of hydrogen,
halogens, water and hydrogen halides; Polymerization.
Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene -
structure and aromaticity; Mechanism of electrophilic
substitution: halogenation, nitration, Friedel – Craft’s
alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional
group in mono-substituted benzene
22 Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
General methods of preparation, properties and
reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of
substitution reactions.Uses; Environmental effects of
chloroform & iodoform.
23 Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen
General methods of preparation, properties, reactions
and uses.
Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers Alcohols: Identification
of primary, secondary and
tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration.
Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution
reactions: halogenation, nitration and sulphonation,
Reimer - Tiemann reaction.Ethers: Structure.
Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl
group;Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative
reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important
reactions such as – Nucleophilic addition reactions
(addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard
reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and
Clemmensen); acidity of - hydrogen, aldol condensation,
Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; Chemical tests
to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.
Carboxylic Acids Acidic strength and factors affecting it
24 Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
General methods of preparation, properties, reactions
and uses. Amines: Nomenclature, classification,
structure, basic character and identification of primary,
secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character.
Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic
chemistry.
25 Polymers General introduction and classification of polymers,
general methods of polymerizationaddition
and condensation, copolymerization; Natural and
synthetic rubber and vulcanization; some important
polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses -
polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite.
26 Biomolecules
General introduction and importance of biomolecules.
Carbohydrates - Classification: aldoses and ketoses;
monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) and constituent
monosaccharides of oligosacchorides (sucrose, lactose
and maltose).
Proteins - Elementary Idea of - amino acids, peptide
bond, polypeptides; Proteins: primary, secondary,
tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only),
denaturation of proteins, enzymes.
Vitamins - Classification and functions.
Nucleic Acids - Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA.
Biological functions of nucleic
acids.
27 Chemistry
In Everyday Life Chemicals in medicines - Analgesics, tranquilizers,
antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility
drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamins – their
meaning and common examples.Chemicals in food - Preservatives, artificial sweetening
agents - common examples.
Cleansing agents - Soaps and detergents, cleansing
action
28 Principles Related To Practical Chemistry
• Detection of extra elements (N,S, halogens) in organic
compounds; Detection of the following functional groups:
hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde
and ketone), carboxyl and amino groups in organic
compounds.
• Chemistry involved in the preparation of the following:
Inorganic compounds: Mohr’s salt, potash alum. Organic
compounds: Acetanilide, pnitroacetanilide, aniline
yellow, iodoform.
• Chemistry involved in the titrimetric excercises - Acids
bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs KMnO4,
Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4
• Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt
analysis:
· Cations - Pb2+ , Cu2+, AI3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+,
Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+.
· Anions- CO3 2-, S2-, SO4 2-, NO2-, NO3-, CI -, Br, I.
· (Insoluble salts excluded).
• Chemical principles involved in the following
experiments:
1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong
base.
3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.
4. 4. Kinetic study of reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen
peroxide at room temperature.
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