Ch. 14. Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles - JEE - CBSE Class XI - Revision Points and Problems

Sections in the chapter


14.1 Tetravalency of Carbon
14.2 Hybridization and Shapes of Molecules
14.3 Structural Representation of Organic Compounds
14.4 Functional Group
14.5 Homologous Series
14.6 Different Classes of Aliphatic Compounds and Their Nomenclature
14.7 General Rules for Naming Organic Compounds
14.8 Writing Structural Formula from the Name of the Compound
14.9 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds
14.10 Isomerism
14.11 Electron Displacement in Covalent Bonds
14.12 Types of Bond Fission
14.13 Types of Attacking Reagents
14.14 Types of Organic Reactions

Revision Points - Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles

14.1 Tetravalency of Carbon

Carbon shows tetra covalency and forms four covalent bonds by sharing of electrons with other atoms.

14.2 Hybridization and Shapes of Molecules

Alkanes involve sp3  hybridization of the carbon atom.
Alkenes involve sp2 hybridization of the carbon atom.
Alkynes involve sp  hybridization of the carbon atom.

14.3 Structural Representation of Organic Compounds

14.4 Functional Group

Functional group determines the characteristic properties of a compound.
Functional groups may be carbon-carbon multiple bond or carbon bonded to other atoms such as N, O, S or P.

14.5 Homologous Series

Homologoues series is a series of similarly constituted compounds in which the members possess the functional group and have similar chemical characteristics.

14.6 Different Classes of Aliphatic Compounds and Their Nomenclature
14.7 General Rules for Naming Organic Compounds
14.8 Writing Structural Formula from the Name of the Compound
14.9 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds.

14.10 Isomerism

Isomers are the compounds which have the same molecular formula but differ in their physical and chemical properties.

Structural isomers differ from one another in the arrangement of atoms of group of atoms within the molecules.

14.11 Electron Displacement in Covalent Bonds

Inductive effect

Electromeric effect

Hyperconjugation

Resonance


14.12 Types of Bond Fission

Homolytic fission

Heterolytic fission

Free radicals, carbocation, carbanion, carbenes are called reaction intermediaries


14.13 Types of Attacking Reagents

Electrophiles

Nucleophiles

14.14 Types of Organic Reactions

Substitution reactions:

Addition reactions

Elimination reactions

Rearrangement





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http://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/keep512.pdf

http://www.targetpublications.org/download/11-chemistry-mcqs/12-basic-principles-and-techniques.pdf


Updated on 31 December 2019
2 February 2016